Penerapan Kaidah Al-Umūru Bi Maqāsidihā  Dan Al-Yaqīnu  Lā  Yazūlu Bi Al-Syakk Dalam Praktik Utang Piutang Masyarakat: Studi Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Di Desa Jatimalang, Kecamatan Arjosari, Kabupaten Pacitan

Agus Setiawan

Authors

Agus Setiawan STAI Al-Fattah Pacitan

Keywords:

Kaidah Fikih, Utang Piutang Qarḍ , Hukum Ekonomi Syariah Jatimalang.

Abstract

Abstract : This article examines the application of the Islamic legal maxims al-umūru bi maqāṣidihā (acts are judged by their purposes) and al-yaqīnu lā yuzālu bi al-syakk (certainty is not removed by doubt) to community debt practices in Jatimalang Village, Arjosari District, Pacitan Regency. The study is designed as a qualitative case study using Islamic legal analysis, document review, and semi-structured interviews with lenders, borrowers, and community figures. The article explains how intention and the original agreement shape the legal assessment of a loan, while certainty, evidence of disbursement, repayment records, and acknowledgment of outstanding debt help resolve later disputes. The two maxims complement one another: the first directs attention to the purpose and substance of the transaction, whereas the second protects established rights from being overturned by mere suspicion. The normative analysis indicates that transparent terms, clear repayment schedules, written or otherwise verifiable records, and fair communication are important safeguards for qarḍ transactions. However, village-specific empirical conclusions must be established through actual interviews and document verification; this draft does not claim that field interviews have already been conducted. The study is expected to contribute to the teaching of Qawāʿid Fiqhiyyah and to practical guidance for community-based debt transactions.

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