Rekonstruksi Konsep Keadilan Relasional Dalam Filsafat Hukum Dan Implikasinya Terhadap Akad-Akad Muamalah Kontemporer

Muhammad Nabhani; Bustanul Arifin

doi:10.37348/cendekia.v11i1.704

Authors

Muhammad Nabhani Institut Agama Islam Negeri Kediri
Bustanul Arifin Sekolah Tinggi Agama Islam At-Tahdzib

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37348/cendekia.v11i1.704

Keywords:

Relational justice, akad muamalah, maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, Islamic legal philosophy, Islamic finance

Abstract

This study aims to reconstruct the concept of relational justice within Islamic legal philosophy and examine its implications for the design of contemporary muamalah contracts, particularly in the sectors of Islamic finance, fintech, and digital transactions. Employing a qualitative approach grounded in the normative-ethical framework of maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, the research integrates modern legal-philosophical analysis with classical Islamic jurisprudential texts. A critical-interpretive paradigm is applied to expose power dynamics, information asymmetries, and institutional biases embedded in practices such as murābaḥah via fintech, musyārakah mutanāqiṣah, Islamic Crowdfunding, hybrid contracts, Smart Contracts, and Sharia-based Buy Now Pay Later (BNPL) schemes. Findings reveal that the formal structure of contracts deemed valid under classical jurisprudence does not inherently ensure substantive justice. Disparities in information access, legal literacy, and participatory capacity often render contractual relations biased and potentially exploitative, particularly toward socially or economically disadvantaged parties. The concept of relational justice, as developed in this study, demands ethical conditions of transparency, mutuality, and active participation. Through the maqāṣid lens, contracts are not merely assessed for legal validity but evaluated by their capacity to safeguard life, wealth, and human dignity. This research contributes a novel theoretical framework to Islamic economic law studies by emphasizing the integration of ethical maqāṣid values with relational justice, while also proposing a reformation of Islamic financial contracts to be more equitable and socially contextual.

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